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Platform and market risk

Wallet signatures, approvals, and phishing

Recognize what a wallet prompt can authorize and reduce the risk of signing an unintended message or transaction.

01

Not every signature does the same thing

A login message proves control of an address. A token approval permits a contract to transfer assets within its allowance. A transaction changes blockchain state. Read which category the prompt belongs to.

02

Phishing changes the context

A malicious interface can present a familiar story while requesting a different domain, contract, network, asset, or allowance. Bookmarks and verified links reduce dependence on search advertisements and copied domains.

03

Use a deliberate signing routine

Stop if the requested action differs from the one you initiated.

  • Confirm the domain
  • Confirm network and contract
  • Limit allowances when practical
  • Reject unexplained typed-data prompts
  • Never enter a seed phrase into a website
04

Translate the prompt into authority

A login signature may prove control of an address. Typed data may authorize an order or delegated key. A token approval can let a contract transfer assets later. A transaction can immediately alter onchain state. The safe question is not ‘Is this only a signature?’ but ‘What authority does this exact payload grant?’1

Human-readable clear signing aims to show the intended domain, contract, function, asset, amount, recipient, and chain before confirmation. If a wallet cannot explain the effect, use an independent decoder or stop. Branding and a familiar logo are not evidence that the payload is safe.1

05

Recovery after a suspicious prompt

Reject the request, close the page, return through a known bookmark, and inspect recent transactions and allowances from a trusted tool. If something was signed, revoke affected permissions and move remaining assets only after confirming that the destination and signing device are uncompromised.12

Decision rehearsal

Check your understanding

Scenario 01

Which statement correctly reflects “Wallet signatures, approvals, and phishing”?

Scenario 02

Which approach is most consistent with the lesson?

Source desk

Sources and review

Source 1 / Ethereum Foundation / accessed 28 July 2026Clear signing and safer transaction approvalsSource 2 / Ethereum.org / accessed 28 July 2026Security considerations for upgradeable smart contracts
Revision history

Mechanics, terminology, links, and examples checked.

Initial publication.

2026-10-26

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